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Video Knox family: Thankful "nightmare" over Court orders Amanda Knox to be freed Amanda Knox makes final plea Follow Reuters Facebook Twitter RSS YouTube Read Italian appeal court clears Amanda Knox of murder | 3:00am EDT China warns of trade war if U.S. currency bill passes | 1:00am EDT Apple to showcase new iPhone after 15-month hiatus | 12:08am EDT World stocks tumble on Greek, banking fears | 3:37am EDT 'Arrested Development' Revival Gets Looks From Showtime, Netflix, IFC 03 Oct 2011 Discussed 345 Exclusive: Democrats push tax hikes first in deficit talks 220 About 400 arrested in Wall Street protest 79 BofA to introduce $5 monthly debit card fee Watched AlphaDog - an old dog with new tricks Mon, Oct 3 2011 iPhone 5: What to expect Mon, Oct 3 2011 Japanese airline, ANA, apologises for plane flip Fri, Sep 30 2011 Analysis: China to keep Pakistan embrace at arm's length Tweet Share this Email Print Factbox Ties between China and Pakistan Mon, Oct 3 2011 Analysis & Opinion Death sentence for killer of Punjab governor over Pakistan’s blasphemy law World arms deals and tilting at windmills Related Topics World » China » Credit: Reuters By Sui-Lee Wee BEIJING | Mon Oct 3, 2011 11:45pm EDT BEIJING (Reuters) - Pakistan, facing a crisis with the United States, has leaned closely to longtime partner China, offering its "all-weather friendship" with Beijing as an alternative to Washington. But Pakistan will be disappointed if it hopes to replace American patronage with the same from China. While China does not welcome the U.S. presence near its border, it wants stability on its western flank and believes an abrupt withdrawal of Washington's support for Pakistan could imperil that. It also does not want to upset warming relations with India by getting mired in subcontinent security tension. Maintaining that delicate balance, China will continue supporting economic cooperation with Pakistan but go slow on defense cooperation. While outwardly all smiles and warm pledges of friendship, China will quietly keep things at arms length. "I think they see what's going on in the U.S.-Pakistan front at the moment as reason to tread very carefully," said Andrew Small, a researcher at the German Marshall Fund think-tank in Brussels who studies China-Pakistan ties and often visits both countries. "They are taking extra care to make sure that what's going on in the relationship is correctly understood, not reflecting any willingness to rush in or fill the gap or exploit differences." Pakistan's brittle relationship with the United States, its major donor, has turned openly rancorous. Washington accused Pakistan's powerful ISI spy agency of directly backing the Afghan Taliban-allied Haqqani network and of providing support for a September 13 attack on the U.S. mission in Kabul. Pakistan has angrily rejected the accusation and warned the United States that it risked losing an ally if it kept publicly criticizing them over militant groups. Meanwhile, as it often does in times of crisis, Pakistan has been trumpeting its ties with China. Pakistan's Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani declared Beijing and Islamabad were "true friends and we count on each other" after talks with China's visiting public security minister, Meng Jianzhu. President Asif Ali Zardari stressed the point last week that Pakistan had other options should its deteriorating relationship with Washington prove beyond repair, and pointedly praised China for its assistance in "stabilizing the situation." Publicly at least, China has gone out of its way to reassure Pakistan. "WARY OF OFFENDING INDIA" In May, just weeks after U.S. forces killed Osama bin Laden on Pakistani soil, Premier Wen Jiabao reassured visiting Gilani of their longstanding friendship and spoke of the "huge sacrifices" Pakistan had made in the global struggle against terrorism. A Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman echoed that line just last week, saying "Pakistan is on the front lines in the fight against terrorism" and China hoped "the relevant countries respect every country's sovereignty and territorial integrity." But China's assistance also has limits. "The 'all-weather friendship' doesn't mean that all of Pakistan's bills should be paid by us," said Zhao Gancheng, director of South Asia studies at the Shanghai Institute for International Studies. "China does not have that ability, nor does the U.S. or any other country. It all depends on Pakistan itself." China regards Pakistan as an important strategic counterweight against its longstanding rival, India, and a hedge against U.S. influence across the region. It also wants to use Pakistan as a gateway to the Muslim world and needs Islamabad's help to combat Islamic separatists in its far-western Xinjiang region on their common border. China is a major supplier of military hardware to Pakistan and also a major investor in areas such as telecommunications, ports and infrastructure. But China's leaders have no desire to turn that limited stake in Pakistan into a heavy security footprint. "The partnership is as deep as it needs to be for China," Scott Harold, associate political scientist at the RAND Corporation, said. "They've got what they want diplomatically and economically." During Meng's visit last week, Beijing bolstered its cooperation with Pakistan, with the signing of $250 million in economic and technical agreements, Zardari's office said. Many of Beijing's deals with Pakistan have had a strategic payoff in helping to balance U.S. influence in the region. China invested more than $200 million to help build the deep-sea Gwadar port on Pakistan's Arabian Sea coast, partly with a view to opening an energy and trade corridor from the Gulf, across Pakistan to western China. China also helped Pakistan build its main nuclear power generation facility at Chashma in Punjab province. Two reactors are in operation and two more are planned. Analysts say China pointedly agreed to expand the Chashma complex to counter a 2008 nuclear energy deal between India and the United States. But Beijing appears much less interested in a bilateral defense accord, despite a report by Pakistan media that Islamabad had been secretly lobbying for such an agreement. "I don't think that's the sort of space that the Chinese want to get into," said Small of the German Marshall Fund. "I don't see why they would suddenly want to be stuck with the liability of Pakistan, particularly vis-a-vis India, given the way Pakistan has behaved in a number of crisis situations." In each of Pakistan's wars with India, China has been fairly restrained, to the point of being almost neutral. Analysts say China is wary about tilting the relationship too much in favor of Pakistan, to avoid offending India, with which China wants to develop better economic ties. Annual two-way trade with India was worth $65.2 billion in 2010, compared with bilateral trade with Pakistan of $8.7 billion, according to Chinese statistics. Ultimately, Beijing has little to gain from a rift between Islamabad and Washington, experts say. "If U.S.-Pakistan relations deteriorate, and the region falls into instability, China will not be able to shoulder the responsibility by itself and other regional actors will have a difficult time cooperating to restore stability," said Hu Shisheng, an expert on South Asia at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations think-tank. "The U.S. still has to be responsible for the stability of this region." (Additional reporting by Beijing Newsroom and Ben Blanchard; Editing by Brian Rhoads and Robert Birsel) World China Tweet this Link this Share this Digg this Email Reprints We welcome comments that advance the story through relevant opinion, anecdotes, links and data. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. For more information on our comment policy, see http://blogs.reuters.com/fulldisclosure/2010/09/27/toward-a-more-thoughtful-conversation-on-stories/ Comments (2) Cicuriel wrote: Hu Shisheng said “The U.S. still has to be responsible for the stability of this region.” ….. , this is embarrassment to Russia and China and others .. , this gives us to some extent that China not seriously think of a deeper cooperation with Moscow . Now the game is like this .. , Pakistan is between China’s fear from the US on one hand , and fear from worsening ties with India . I think Gilani betted wrong on China as the US and the Euro zone say Hyperbole … , nothing significant will be done from Beijing towards Islamabad despite the Gwadar naval port , they’re going to leave it alone facing the western wind . So …. , the US will not withdraw from Asia now .. still has much work to do . , but is it for US interests to reduce defence budjet to cope with the impending debt crisis or open another front on terror war on Pakistan . sounds strange .! Finally , if it isn’t on US side .. what is the beneficial from Pakistan’s situation .?!! Oct 04, 2011 1:15am EDT -- Report as abuse MMaigari wrote: The Pakistani problem is that the U.S now refuses to acknowledge the role sucesssive U.S. Administrations played during the cold war to indoctrinate “young” Muslims on the propriety of suicide against the infidel communists! Now that the chicken have come home to roost, the U.S. wants to cut her losses and leave while blaming Pakistan for all the problems. Long before the Russians, the Pakistani/Indian dispute was there, so it rather false to heap the blame on Pakistan. Lets remember that it is the U.S backed Military that brought Pakistan to this point even the so-called civil administrations were blatanltly manipulated by the U.S. Even today, the U.S. “aid” to pakistan is more to the Military than to civil organs of Pakistani society. The issue could be resolved IFand only IF the U.S. is willing to really help build civil organs of the society to run the government without undue military pressure otherwise this will continue until the Pakistanis rise up ala Arab Spring and that would almost certainlt be against American interests! Oct 04, 2011 3:18am EDT -- Report as abuse See All Comments » Add Your Comment Social Stream (What's this?) 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