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Edition: U.S. Article Comments (0) Full Focus Editor's choice A selection of our top photos from the past 24 hours. Full Article Follow Reuters Facebook Twitter RSS YouTube Read Storms knock out TVA nuclear units, power lines 27 Apr 2011 Alabama storms, tornoadoes kill 45 -authorities 27 Apr 2011 Exclusive: Facebook investors look for exits 27 Apr 2011 UPDATE 8-Buffett's Berkshire says Sokol deceived, broke law 27 Apr 2011 UPDATE 3-Sony gamers threaten to leave after hack 27 Apr 2011 Discussed 150 Texas governor calls for prayers for rain 138 Obama sees no magic bullet to push down gas prices 90 White House releases longer Obama birth certificate Watched Fire ants form rafts to defy floods Tue, Apr 26 2011 Nokia announces layoffs, outsourcing Wed, Apr 27 2011 Tornado caught on security camera video Tue, Apr 26 2011 China grows more slowly to 1.34 billion, older and more urban Tweet Share this By Chris Buckley and Michael Martina BEIJING (Reuters) - China's population grew to 1.34 billion by 2010, according to census data, which showed an aging and more urban population that experts say is likely to spur calls for the "one-child" policy... Email Print Factbox China's 2010 Census 1:09am EDT Related News Policy or not, many urban Chinese only want one child 2:55am EDT Analysis & Opinion China-Pakistan-Afghanistan-building economic ties Is Beijing brewing something? Related Topics World » China » By Chris Buckley and Michael Martina BEIJING | Thu Apr 28, 2011 2:55am EDT BEIJING (Reuters) - China's population grew to 1.34 billion by 2010, according to census data, which showed an aging and more urban population that experts say is likely to spur calls for the "one-child" policy to be relaxed. The census released on Thursday showed the population in China, the world's second biggest economy, grew by 5.84 percent from the 1.27 billion in the last census in 2000 and to a level that was smaller than the 1.4 billion some demographers had projected. The results also showed China is fast urbanizing and becoming older. These trends augur big changes in the labor market in coming years, as the number of potential workers, especially from the countryside, shrinks and the elderly dependent population grows. "What's significant is that China is for the first time crossing a historical landmark from a country that's dominated by people engaging in agriculture, living in the countryside, to an urbanized society," said Wang Feng, a demographer who is director of the Brookings Institute Tsinghua Center for Public Policy in Beijing. "Such low fertility and population growth means that China will face a future smaller cohort of young labor for labor supply, and also a much more serious aging process than people anticipated even 10 years ago or two decades ago." Those rapid changes have not always been smooth, Ma Jiantang, the head of the National Bureau of Statistics, told a news conference. "The data from this census show that our country faces some tensions and challenges regarding population, the economy and social development. First, the aging trend is accelerating, and second the size of the mobile population is constantly expanding." The results could encourage the government to relax family planning restrictions that limit nearly all urban couples to one child, while rural families are usually allowed two, said Du Peng, a professor at the Population and Development Studies Center at Renmin University in Beijing. "The total population shows the general trend toward slowed population growth and as well an older population, and in the next five years or longer that will be an important basis for population policy," said Du. "The aging of the population appears faster than was expected," he said. The proportion of mainland Chinese people aged 14 or younger was 16.60 percent, down by 6.29 percentage points from the number in the 2000 census. The number aged 60 or older grew to 13.26 percent, up 2.93 percentage points. The figures also showed that China's population is growing more slowly than in the past. Between 1990 and 2000, the total population increased by 11.7 percent. VINDICATION OF POLICIES China's chief statistician, Ma, acclaimed the numbers as a vindication of the government's firm, sometimes harsh, family planning policies. "These figures have shown the trend of excessively rapid growth of China's population has been under effective control," Ma said. But one economist said China's slowed rate of population growth and shrinking pool of migrant labor from the countryside could add to long-term pressures driving up wages and prices. "What really matters is the one-child policy that has created a cliff-fall (in the population) in the last three decades," said Dong Tao, an economist at Credit Suisse in Hong Kong. "That is starting to show in rural labor markets and the entire economy feels the pain as this becomes a major source of inflation," he said in a telephone interview. By 2010, half of China's population, 49.7 percent, lived in urban areas. In 2000, 36.1 percent lived in cities and towns, although that census used a different counting method. The shift of the population to urban areas has put great pressure on cities like Beijing and Chongqing and will likely to spur continued high levels of infrastructure spending in coming years. By 2010, 261.4 million Chinese were counted as "migrants," meaning they were residing outside of their home villages, towns or cities. Most of them are farmers from the poor inland who have moved to cities and coastal industrial zones to find work. The Chinese government's strict controls on family size have brought down annual population growth to below 1 percent and the rate is projected to start falling in coming decades. China's choke on family size now threatens its economic future, many demographers have said, with fewer people left to pay and care for a greying population. Ma, the chief statistician, did not announce any policy changes, but he hinted that the census results could lead to some adjustments. China, he said, would have to "actively respond to the new challenges in demographic development." (Additional reporting by Wang Lan, Sally Huang and Gui Qing Koh; Writing by Chris Buckley; Editing by Ken Wills) World China Tweet this Share this Link this Digg this Email Reprints We welcome comments that advance the story directly or with relevant tangential information. We try to block comments that use offensive language, all capital letters or appear to be spam, and we review comments frequently to ensure they meet our standards. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. Comments (0) Be the first to comment on reuters.com. Add yours using the box above. 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