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How to end tax fraud Related Topics U.S. » Tech » Media » iPad » By Grant McCool and Jonathan Stempel NEW YORK | Wed Apr 11, 2012 3:49pm EDT NEW YORK (Reuters) - A federal appeals court set back government efforts to prosecute corporate espionage with an opinion that explained its recent decision to throw out the conviction of a former Goldman Sachs Group Inc computer programmer. The 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York said on Wednesday the taking of source code by Sergey Aleynikov was not a crime under a 1996 law that makes it illegal to steal trade secrets. The court said the code did not qualify as stolen goods under another federal law. "We decline to stretch or update statutory words of plain and ordinary meaning in order to better accommodate the digital age," Chief Judge Dennis Jacobs wrote for a unanimous three-judge panel. On February 17, the 2nd Circuit set Aleynikov free after he had served 11 months of an eight-year prison term for stealing high-frequency trading computer code from Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street investment bank. Wednesday's opinion provided the legal reasoning for that unusual decision, which came just hours after Aleynikov's lawyer had argued in court to have his client's December 2010 conviction reversed. "Prosecutors brought this case to send a message about economic espionage in the information age. This is a major setback," said Joel Reidenberg, a professor at Fordham University School of Law and director of the Fordham Center on Law and Information Policy. CLOSER LOOK Wednesday's decision might also change the willingness of companies to ask for law enforcement assistance when they believe employees are taking trade secrets to competitors. Aleynikov was arrested by FBI agents in July 2009 after Goldman reported suspicions about him to authorities. Companies probably need to "take a closer look as to whether today's opinion has an impact on their individual situation," said Brent Cossrow, a partner at Fisher & Phillips in Radnor, Pennsylvania who practices in the area of employee defections and trade secrets. He is not involved in the Aleynikov case. The government accused Aleynikov of copying and removing trading code from Goldman in 2009 as he was preparing to take a new job at Teza Technologies LLC, a high-frequency trading start-up in Chicago. Teza was not accused of wrongdoing. Aleynikov was criminally charged with violating the federal Economic Espionage Act and the National Stolen Property Act. U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara in Manhattan declined to comment, a spokeswoman for his office said. Bharara has not said whether he plans to appeal the panel ruling to the full 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals. Kevin Marino, a lawyer for Aleynikov, said, "We are extremely pleased with the 2nd Circuit's decision, which represents a complete repudiation of this prosecution." Goldman spokesman Michael DuVally declined to comment. Wednesday's decision was the government's second setback in fighting computer-related fraud in as many days. On Tuesday, a federal appeals court in San Francisco said the government could not use the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, an anti-hacking statute, to prosecute people who misused corporate data obtained legally. It said the government's broad reading of that law could make it illegal to check email, use Facebook or surf the Internet at work. STOLEN FORMULAS? In the Aleynikov opinion, Jacobs wrote that the "highly valuable" source code at the center of the case was not physical "goods" or "wares" or "merchandise" within the meaning of the stolen property law. Goldman "went to great lengths to maintain the secrecy of its system," Jacobs wrote. "The enormous profits the system yielded for Goldman depended on no one else having it." Reidenberg said that while theft of trade secrets can be a state criminal offense, the 2nd Circuit's reasoning, if applied elsewhere, will shoulder companies with much of the burden to fight corporate espionage through civil lawsuits. "Federal prosecutors will have a very difficult time treating theft of trade secrets as a criminal offense," he said. "It would be like someone trying to steal the formula for Coca-Cola. A court could, however, decide that the law could apply to a company keeping secret its plans for a new product, such as the next iPad, that will go into interstate commerce." In a case similar to Aleynikov's, former Societe Generale trader Samarth Agrawal was sentenced to three years in prison in February 2011 for stealing speed-trading computer code secrets and transporting the code across state lines. The case is U.S. v. Aleynikov, 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, No. 11-1126. (Reporting by Grant McCool and Jonatha Stempel, Editing by Maureen Bavdek, Bernadette Baum and Steve Orlofsky) U.S. Tech Media iPad Related Quotes and News Company Price Related News Tweet this Link this Share this Digg this Email Reprints We welcome comments that advance the story through relevant opinion, anecdotes, links and data. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. For more information on our comment policy, see http://blogs.reuters.com/fulldisclosure/2010/09/27/toward-a-more-thoughtful-conversation-on-stories/ Comments (0) Be the first to comment on reuters.com. Add yours using the box above. 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