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Iraqi Shiites try to revive sectarian coalition
By HAMZA HENDAWI and QASSIM ABDULZAHRA,Associated Press Writers AP - Tuesday, June 9
BAGHDAD - Steps are under way to rebuild a coalition of Shiite political parties, a move that would solidify the majority sect's grip on power but embitter disaffected Sunnis and stoke fears of Iranian influence as the U.S. role here fades.
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A revived Shiite alliance would be a setback to efforts to end sectarian politics in Iraq. Most Shiite voters will likely vote along sectarian lines as they did in parliament elections in 2005 if the country's top Shiite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, publicly endorses the bloc.
That would ensure the domination of Iraqi politics by the Shiite religious parties that are viewed with suspicion by the Sunni Muslim minority, which lost its grip on power when Saddam Hussein's regime collapsed in 2003.
Many Sunnis consider the two main Shiite parties _ the Supreme Iraqi Islamic Council and Dawa _ as little more than instruments of Iranian policy. Key figures in the two parties sought refuge in Shiite Iran during Saddam's rule.
"The Sunnis in particular will sense danger," said prominent Sunni lawmaker Salim Abdullah.
Sunnis in Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki's three-year-old government have long complained they were left out of decision making and charged that Shiite-dominated security forces operate with an anti-Sunni bias.
Abdullah said the revival of the coalition as a Shiites-only bloc would encourage the Sunnis to rally around parties with strong pro-Sunni agendas rather than those that appeal to all groups.
But the case for Shiite unity remains compelling among the leaders of the once-oppressed community.
"There is a serious danger for the Shiites if we don't revive the coalition," warned parliament deputy speaker Khalid al-Attiyah, one of three politicians who briefed The Associated Press on negotiations to rebuild the alliance.
The United Iraqi Alliance, as the coalition is officially known, won control of parliament in the December 2005 elections but began to unravel two years later with the withdrawal of two major factions and bitter rivalry between Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki and the Supreme Council, his major coalition ally.
The Council lost control of major southern provinces to al-Maliki's Dawa party in January provincial elections.
That raised concern among Shiite politicians that internal political divisions could cost them seats in January's parliamentary elections in key areas where Sunnis, Shiites and Kurds live, like Baghdad and the provinces of Diyala and Babil.
The three politicians who briefed the AP on the discussions said talks on reviving the alliance were still in the preliminary stage but proposals for a major overhaul of the coalition's structure and decision-making process already were on the table.
Proposals include the possible inclusion of moderate Sunni groups from the west and east of the country.
Another negotiator, Hummam Hammoudi of the Supreme Council, said rebuilding the alliance would strengthen the political process and bolster the government as it prepares for the departure of all U.S. forces by 2012.
For years, the U.S. has pressed both Shiite and Sunni politicians to reach power-sharing deals _ with mixed results. Going forward, the U.S. will lose leverage with the Iraqis as President Barack Obama speeds up the withdrawal next year.
A senior Iraqi official familiar with the talks said al-Maliki, emboldened by electoral and security successes, wanted the leadership of the Shiite alliance for himself and a greater role for his party.
The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he wasn't supposed to talk about the prime minister's strategy. He cautioned that al-Maliki may be at risk of overreaching because the security and political situation remains fragile.
Nevertheless, the fortunes of the two main Shiite parties have reversed in the last four years.
In 2005, the Supreme Council, founded in Iran in 1982, was clearly the dominant party, even though the prime ministership went to Dawa in a compromise with other alliance factions.
But the council's poor showing in the January ballot undercut its claim to leadership of the Shiite community.
"The facts on the ground have changed and rebuilding the alliance must reflect that," said Sadiq al-Rikabi, a close al-Maliki aide.
Furthermore, the Supreme Council's leader, Abdul-Aziz al-Hakim, is suffering from lung cancer. His condition has recently worsened and he is hospitalized in Iran. He has groomed his son, Ammar, as his successor, but it is unclear whether he commands the prestige to hold the organization together after his father's death.
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