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Edition: U.S. Article Comments (2) Full Focus Photos of the week Our top photos from the past week. Full Article Follow Reuters Facebook Twitter RSS YouTube Read Osama bin Laden killed in shootout, Obama says | 3:27am EDT Osama bin Laden: 9/11 author who defied Bush, Obama | 2:52am EDT U.S. believes Osama bin Laden son also killed in raid | 2:54am EDT U.S. Special Forces led bin Laden operation: source | 2:56am EDT Al Qaeda No.2 Zawahri most likely to succeed bin Laden 12:48am EDT Discussed 103 White House releases longer Obama birth certificate 96 Donald Trump calls U.S. leaders ”stupid” 65 Obama to make statement late Sunday, White House says Watched Osama bin Laden is dead: Obama 12:11am EDT Fire ants form rafts to defy floods Tue, Apr 26 2011 Osama bin Laden dead 5:44am EDT Al Qaeda No.2 Zawahri most likely to succeed bin Laden Tweet Share this ISLAMABAD (Reuters) - Egyptian-born doctor and surgeon Ayman al-Zawahri is al Qaeda's second-in-command expected to succeed Osama bin Laden following his killing in a firefight with U.S. forces in Pakistan. Zawahri has been the brains behind bin... Email Print Factbox Factbox: Who was Osama bin Laden? Sun, May 1 2011 Related News Libya says Gaddafi survives air strikes, but son killed Sun, May 1 2011 Taliban renew Afghan offensive despite U.N. plea Sun, May 1 2011 Afghan Taliban declare start to spring offensive Sat, Apr 30 2011 Bomb hits Pakistan navy bus, third this week Thu, Apr 28 2011 Analysis & Opinion Iranian dissidents and a U.S. dilemma Taliban finding clarity as NATO struggles to deliver message Related Topics World » Egypt » A frame grab of a video released on September 2, 2006 shows Al Qaeda's second-in-command Ayman al-Zawahri speaking. Credit: Reuters/Reuters TV ISLAMABAD | Mon May 2, 2011 12:48am EDT ISLAMABAD (Reuters) - Egyptian-born doctor and surgeon Ayman al-Zawahri is al Qaeda's second-in-command expected to succeed Osama bin Laden following his killing in a firefight with U.S. forces in Pakistan. Zawahri has been the brains behind bin Laden and his al Qaeda network, and at times its most public face, repeatedly denouncing the United States and its allies in video messages. In the latest monitored by the SITE Intelligence Group last month, he urged Muslims to fight NATO and American forces in Libya. "I want to direct the attention of our Muslim brothers in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and the rest of the Muslim countries, that if the Americans and the NATO forces enter Libya then their neighbors in Egypt and Tunisia and Algeria and the rest of the Muslim countries should rise up and fight both the mercenaries of Gaddafi and the rest of NATO," Zawahri said. Born into an upper-class family of scholars and doctors in an upscale Cairo neighborhood, the cerebral Egyptian in his late-50s is second after bin Laden on the FBI "most wanted terrorists" list. Both bin laden and Zawahiri eluded capture when U.S.-led forces toppled Afghanistan's Taliban government in late 2001 after al Qaeda's September 11 attacks on U.S. cities. But on Sunday bin Laden was killed in a firefight with U.S. forces and his body was recovered, U.S. President Barack Obama said. There was no word on Zawahri. Bespectacled, with grey hair and a grey beard, Zawahri won prominence in November 2008, when he attacked then U.S. President-elect Obama as a "house Negro," a racially-charged term used by 1960s black American Muslim leader Malcolm X to describe black slaves loyal to white masters. In a subsequent video, in September 2009, Zawahri returned to the attack on Obama, saying he was no different from his predecessor George W. Bush. "America has come with a new deceptive face ... It plants the same dagger as Bush and his predecessors did. Obama has resorted to the policies of his predecessors in lying and selling illusions," said Zawahri, clad in white robe and turban. Like bin Laden, Zawahri has long been thought to be hiding along the rugged Afghan-Pakistan border. The last video of Zawahri and bin Laden together was broadcast by al Jazeera on September 10, 2003. It showed them walking in mountains, calling for jihad and praising the September 11 hijackers. "BRAIN TO THE BODY" Analysts have described Zawahri as al Qaeda's chief organizer and bin Laden's closest mentor. "Ayman is for bin Laden like the brain to the body," said Montasser al-Zayat, a lawyer in Cairo who once represented Zawahri. In a video after the September 11 attacks, Zawahri called them a "great victory" achieved "thanks to God". He has not always been so ebullient. As U.S.-led forces drove out the Taliban in 2001, Afghan sources described him flying into a fury at the nonchalance of Taliban fighters playing badminton behind the front lines while U.S. bombs rained from the skies. Zawahri and bin Laden met in the mid-1980s when both were in the Pakistani city of Peshawar to support guerrillas fighting the Soviets in Afghanistan, and worked closely thereafter. But the alliance was not Zawahri's first foray into militancy. Born in 1951, he was the son of a pharmacology professor and grandson of the grand imam of Al Azhar, one of the most important mosques in the Muslim world. He graduated from Egypt's most prestigious medical school in 1974 and did a second degree in surgery. By then he was involved with the Muslim Brotherhood, a non-violent group seeking the creation of a single Islamic state. When the militant Egyptian Islamic Jihad was founded in 1973, he joined. When members posed as soldiers and assassinated President Anwar Sadat in 1981, he was among 301 people arrested He went on trial but was cleared. He did, though, spend three years in jail for having an unlicensed pistol. On his release, Zawahri made his way to Pakistan where he worked with the Red Crescent treating fighters wounded in the Afghan war. Taking over the leadership of Jihad in Egypt in 1993, he was a key figure in a campaign in the mid-1990s to set up a purist Islamic state there, in which more than 1,200 Egyptians died. In 1999, an Egyptian military court sentenced Zawahri to death in absentia. He has also been indicted in connection with the 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Days after those bombings, he telephoned a Pakistani reporter, denying responsibility, but urging Muslims to "continue their jihad against the Americans and Jews". An hour later, U.S. cruise missiles hit al Qaeda's Afghan training camps. Both bin Laden and Zawahri escaped injury. Zawahri's wife, Azza, and three daughters were reported killed in a bombing strike on the Afghan city of Kandahar, the stronghold of the Taliban, in early December 2001. Zawahri has appeared regularly in a series of video or audio messages since then, criticizing the U.S. war in Iraq, praising the Taliban and the suicide bombers who attack London in 2005 and urging Muslims to help victims of an earthquake in Pakistan. He has occasionally shown he is aware of criticisms by Muslims who dislike the group's indiscriminate violence. "SEIZE A STATE" In a 2005 letter to Iraq al Qaeda leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Zawahri suggested it was time to end beheadings of captives and start acting as more of a political leader in anticipation of the eventual U.S. withdrawal from Iraq. In 2008, Zawahri held an unprecedented question and answer session online with al Qaeda sympathizers who repeatedly questioned him over the group's killings of civilians in Iraq. Zawahri in his responses denied killing innocents, and said that if any died in attacks it was through error or necessity, for example if they were being used as human shields Zawahri has repeatedly called for al Qaeda to seize control of a state, a goal the group has never come close to despite its alliance with Afghanistan's late 1990s Taliban rulers. "Confronting the enemies of Islam and waging a jihad against them require a Muslim authority, established on Muslim territory that raises the banner of jihad and rallies Muslims around it," he wrote in a 2001 essay, Knights Under The Prophet's Banner. "If we do not achieve this goal, our actions will be nothing more than small scale harassment." (Editing by William Maclean and Sanjeev Miglani) World Egypt Tweet this Share this Link this Digg this Email Reprints We welcome comments that advance the story directly or with relevant tangential information. We try to block comments that use offensive language, all capital letters or appear to be spam, and we review comments frequently to ensure they meet our standards. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. Comments (2) lorenb wrote: Osama bin Laden was a great figurehead and focal point for world attention, but, the real person that I have feared the most was and is Ayman al-Zawahri. It is my sincerest hope that the United States does not waver in its pursuit of all the hierarchy al Qaeda, especially al-Zawahri, now that they have achieved this wonderful victory of the death of bin Laden. May 02, 2011 1:13am EDT -- Report as abuse justuhvoter wrote: Zawahri knows he has a target painted in the center of his forehead, and he is getting old. Odds are he is smart enough to try and fade away for the rest of his life. Odds are the USA and its allies will be just as relentless in chasing him down, regardless of what he does. May 02, 2011 1:45am EDT -- Report as abuse See All Comments » Add Your Comment Social Stream (What's this?) © Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters Editorial Editions: Africa Arabic Argentina Brazil Canada China France Germany India Italy Japan Latin America Mexico Russia Spain United Kingdom United States Reuters Contact Us Advertise With Us Help Journalism Handbook Archive Site Index Video Index Reader Feedback Mobile Newsletters RSS Podcasts Widgets Your View Analyst Research Thomson Reuters Copyright Disclaimer Privacy Professional Products Professional Products Support Financial Products About Thomson Reuters Careers Online Products Acquisitions Monthly Buyouts Venture Capital Journal International Financing Review Project Finance International PEhub.com PE Week FindLaw Super Lawyers Attorney Rating Service Reuters on Facebook Thomson Reuters is the world's largest international multimedia news agency, providing investing news, world news, business news, technology news, headline news, small business news, news alerts, personal finance, stock market, and mutual funds information available on Reuters.com, video, mobile, and interactive television platforms. Thomson Reuters journalists are subject to an Editorial Handbook which requires fair presentation and disclosure of relevant interests. NYSE and AMEX quotes delayed by at least 20 minutes. Nasdaq delayed by at least 15 minutes. For a complete list of exchanges and delays, please click here.

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