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Edition: U.S. Article Comments (3) Full Focus Photos of the week Our top photos from the past week. Full Article Follow Reuters Facebook Twitter RSS YouTube Read Futures slump as debt talks result in no deal | 24 Jul 2011 Norway mass killer wants time in court to tell why | 1:26am EDT Stock futures, dollar fall on no debt deal 24 Jul 2011 No endgame in sight as debt default looms | 3:36am EDT Amy Winehouse family pleads for "privacy and space" | 12:26am EDT Discussed 200 Senate group offers $3.75 trillion deficit cuts 145 New plan offers hope for progress in debt talks 88 Big debt deal gains traction amid chaotic efforts Watched Clinton arrives in Hong Kong Sun, Jul 24 2011 Amy Winehouse body removed from London home. Sat, Jul 23 2011 Vigil for Norway victims Sun, Jul 24 2011 Analysis: Norway massacre exposes incendiary immigration issue Tweet Share this Email Print Factbox Factbox: Excerpts from 1,500-page Norway killer manifesto Sun, Jul 24 2011 Related News Norway mourns victims of anti-Islam "Crusader" Sun, Jul 24 2011 Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade Sun, Jul 24 2011 Analysis: Brutal attack tests Norwegian society Sun, Jul 24 2011 Police search rural idyll for clues to Norway killings Sat, Jul 23 2011 Analysis & Opinion Canadaâ€™s Anti-Bribery Cops Reel One In In Ahmadis’s desert city, Pakistan closes in on group it declared non-Muslim Related Topics World » Norway » Flowers are placed at the Utvika campsite where victims were evacuated to from Utoeya Island (background) during Friday's shooting massacre, July 24, 2011. Credit: Reuters/Sindre Thoresen Lonnes By Mohammed Abbas OSLO | Sun Jul 24, 2011 5:05pm EDT OSLO (Reuters) - Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik said he killed 93 people to spark a "revolution" against the multiculturalism he believed was sapping Europe's heritage, and experts say a frank debate about immigration may be the best way to prevent similar explosions of violence. In some Nordic countries, and elsewhere in Europe, political parties have fed on rising public concern over immigration as economic conditions worsen and a drip-feed of Islamist attacks stokes fear and suspicion of new arrivals. But experts argue overly aggressive political rhetoric and scare tactics have inflamed passions rather than address the many complex, underlying problems. Conflicting messages and political squeamishness in tackling immigration and multiculturalism have frustrated the public and given space for hardline ideologues, they say. "If the twin attacks in Norway fail to trigger an honest discussion of the issue, exposing often scare-mongering arguments used by the extreme right, this may marginalize the radical groups and worsen the situation, which in turn could bring more similar attacks in the future," said Lilit Gevorgyan, Europe analyst at the IHS Global Insight think-tank. "This is not just an issue in Norway. Across Scandinavia and also in Western and Eastern Europe, you have a lot of people who are very frustrated by the lack of open debate," she added. British Prime Minister David Cameron, Germany's Angela Merkel and France's Nicolas Sarkozy have all declared in recent months that multiculturalism has failed, in speeches that were otherwise careful to highlight the contribution of immigrants. But critics say such statements at best do little to offer solutions to tackle the economic and societal pressures that stem from increasing immigration and globalization, and do even less to harness the benefits of a multi-ethnic society. At worst, they say such comments risk victimizing often vulnerable immigrant communities and souring race relations. "What has clearly emerged from recent speeches and ensuing public national debates on multiculturalism is a sense of confusion, malaise and often contradictory messages," said Sara Silvestri, lecturer in religion and international politics at London's City University, in an article dated June 8. "So we look for easy answers presented as simple choices e.g., moderate vs. radical Islam, multiculturalism vs. assimilation ... Yet such simplistic naming and categorizing further divides people and provokes animosities," she added. FUEL ON THE FIRE A number of Scandinavian political parties have tackled immigration head on, but the inflammatory tone used by some politicians may have fueled Breivik's anti-immigrant and anti-Islamic hatred. Many far-right European groups have shifted away from overtly racist rhetoric and have instead focused their argument on stressing what they see as the incompatibility of Islam and European values. In a 1,500-page violent manifesto published by Breivik, the 32-year-old expressed his admiration for Dutch anti-Islam politician Geert Wilders, and the tome included reported anti-Islamic comments Wilders made to the Dutch parliament. However, Wilders at the weekend denounced Breivik's actions. Anti-immigrant and anti-Islamic parties have gained traction in Nordic and Scandinavian countries in recent years, tapping public anxiety over the relatively recent phenomenon of mass migration, particularly of Muslims, to their region. The anti-immigrant Sweden Democrats were last year elected to the Swedish parliament for the first time, despite the party having roots in neo-Nazi movements of the 1980s and 1990s. The party has criticized Muslims and Islam as being un-Swedish. Swedish anti-fascism magazine Expo, where the late best-selling novelist Steig Larsson was highly active, says while there may be no direct link between violence and comments by politicians, the rhetoric creates a fertile environment for ethnically motivated attacks. "It is very aggressive ideology that the Swedish Democrats are pushing toward Muslims ... it has become a more and more accepted way to speak about Muslims this way," said Expo reporter Johannes Jakobsson. "Of course if you are in the Swedish parliament and point fingers at Muslims and say these people are dangerous, of course this is going to influence people to become more hostile toward them," he added. "ATROCIOUS, BUT NECESSARY" Harald Stanghelle, political editor of Norway's Aftenposten conservative newspaper, said it was unfair to accuse Norway's anti-immigrant Progress Party of inflaming the passions of individuals such as Breivik, who was once a member. Stanghelle says Breivik left the party because it did not go far enough in representing his views, highlighting a dilemma for those who say parties that drive away those with fringe views on immigration risk creating militant underground groups. "It's totally wrong to hold the Progress Party responsible for extremists like this. A few smaller, anti-immigration groups, anti-multicultural groups, have broken from the party because they believe it is too polite, too mainstream," Stanghelle said. Stanghelle was careful to paint Breivik as a lone extremist with little link to the wider discourse on immigration in Norway. After years on the fringes, Breivik's views are now likely to echo loudest at his first court hearing on Monday. Breivik has described his bombing of an Oslo government building and his shooting spree at a youth camp run by Norway's Labor Party as "atrocious" but "necessary" in his crusade against liberal immigration policies and the spread of Islam. "He now wants to meet in court for the first time, and wants an open court meeting, and why? Most criminals fight for a closed court meeting, but he sees himself as a crusader," Stanghelle said. World Norway Tweet this Link this Share this Digg this Email Reprints We welcome comments that advance the story through relevant opinion, anecdotes, links and data. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. For more information on our comment policy, see http://blogs.reuters.com/fulldisclosure/2010/09/27/toward-a-more-thoughtful-conversation-on-stories/ Comments (3) AFancy400 wrote: “Stanghelle was careful to paint Breivik as a lone extremist with little link to the wider discourse on immigration in Norway.” When you paint immigrants as a threat to your country, that will end in its destruction, you directly contribute to incidents such as these. He just took the ideas of xenophobic nationalists and carried them to their logical ends. If he believed that immigrants were going to destroy his country, and that the democratic process was being subverted by these immigrants, like these groups claim, what other solution do they offer? They stuck the nation of Norway’s hand on the fire, but now that it got burned, they’re blaming the fire, and its sad to see people fall for it. Jul 24, 2011 5:33pm EDT -- Report as abuse mkutu911 wrote: If a country is more than just a mere geographic designation on a map then it makes sense to defend that which makes it unique. If immigration threatens to undermine that, then perhaps it isn’t worthwhile to invite it. An honest debate on these issues is at least four days late. Jul 24, 2011 5:50pm EDT -- Report as abuse HoratioGalt wrote: Et tu, Reuters? Trying to cast a right-wing extremist in a sympathetic light by suggesting that his concerns are valid? Well, they’re not. Nor is violent rhetoric that dehumanizes minorities acceptable. Anyone peddling in such rhetoric needs to be silenced. Jul 24, 2011 11:21pm EDT -- Report as abuse See All Comments » Add Your Comment Social Stream (What's this?) © Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters Editorial Editions: Africa Arabic Argentina Brazil Canada China France Germany India Italy Japan Latin America Mexico Russia Spain United Kingdom United States Reuters Contact Us Advertise With Us Help Journalism Handbook Archive Site Index Video Index Reader Feedback Mobile Newsletters RSS Podcasts Widgets Your View Analyst Research Thomson Reuters Copyright Disclaimer Privacy Professional Products Professional Products Support Financial Products About Thomson Reuters Careers Online Products Acquisitions Monthly Buyouts Venture Capital Journal International Financing Review Project Finance International PEhub.com PE Week FindLaw Super Lawyers Attorney Rating Service Reuters on Facebook Thomson Reuters is the world's largest international multimedia news agency, providing investing news, world news, business news, technology news, headline news, small business news, news alerts, personal finance, stock market, and mutual funds information available on Reuters.com, video, mobile, and interactive television platforms. 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