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FACTBOX-Key political risks to watch in New Zealand
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FACTBOX-Key political risks to watch in New Zealand
Reuters - Tuesday, March 2
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By Gyles Beckford
WELLINGTON, March 1 - After facing the risk of a sovereign downgrade last year, New Zealand's economic fortunes have improved, although the recovery is proving to be patchy as a high local currency curbs exports and consumers remain wary in the face of low wage growth and rising unemployment.
Following is a summary of key New Zealand political risks:
* PUBLIC DEBT AND POLICY CONSTRAINTS
New Zealand's public finances remain pressured as revenue continues to feel the pinch from the global crisis, forcing hefty government borrowing to finance the shortfall. The government needs to keep a tight hold on its fiscal position with ratings agencies hovering in the background. New Zealand's economic fortunes have improved and there is no imminent risk of a downgrade, but the country's debt level and the constraints it places on policy remain a key theme.
What to watch:
-- National debt and budget deficit data. If New Zealand fails to meet its target deficits in coming years, it could again face the risk of a downgrade by sovereign ratings agencies. This would push down not just debt prices <0#NZBONDS=RNZL> <NZDIRS> but also the Kiwi dollar <NZD=D2> and shares <.NZ>.
-- The timing of withdrawal of economic stimulus will be important in reducing budget deficits and borrowing, and should help ease pressure on interest rates. But as with most economies, if the exit is wrongly timed, growth could take another hit.
* TAX REFORM
A major report commissioned by the government said the tax system is broken and needs a radical shake-up. Its proposals include closing loopholes and anomalies that have given property investment a favoured position; raising the level of the indirect value-added Goods and Services Tax but compensating low-income earners; cutting the top personal tax rate and corporate taxes; and considering a land tax. [ID:nSGE6010J0]
Many of the recommended measures are politically difficult, and a land tax and capital gains tax on family homes have already been ruled out. The package to be unveiled in the May 22 budget will require delicate negotiations between the ruling National Party and its partners. Any hint of favouring big business over individuals, or increased tax burdens on families, could lead to tension and a rapid decline in National's high political ratings. An election is not due until late 2011 but National has shown itself to be sensitive to public opinion.
What to watch:
-- The government has said its budget will contain tax reforms, which are likely to see a lowering of personal tax rates but a rise in the value-added Goods and Services Tax . It has also said it will change the tax treatment of residential property investment. A rise in GST to 15 percent from 10 percent, as widely tipped, would result in a one-off boost to consumer prices of 2.2 percent over the following 12 months.
* THE TROUBLESOME KIWI DOLLAR
A further headache for government policy is the fact that the Kiwi dollar has a life of its own, because it is widely used by global markets as a proxy play for risk appetite and global growth prospects. At times it faces significant volatility that has nothing to do with New Zealand's domestic economic fortunes.
What to watch:
-- Policy response. Finance Minister Bill English and the central bank governor Alan Bollard have said repeatedly that the currency is not reflecting fundamentals and is overvalued. But they have also conceded there is little they can do about it, given that it is largely a reflection of a weak U.S. dollar. Any sign that speculative trading might be curtailed by the authorities could drive the Kiwi sharply lower.
* GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS
The centre-right National Party leads a minority government with the support of three smaller partners. The three have pledged to support National on key matters of supply and confidence, ensuring its political survival, but much of the rest of National's political programme comes down to negotiation on specific policies. This leads at times to compromise and delays.
What to watch:
-- The government is expected to last its three-year term but at times may struggle to push through pieces of policy, or be forced to make concessions that are unpopular with its support base in order to get laws passed.
-- The outcome of negotiations with indigenous Maori people over control of the foreshore and seabed may be difficult and test relations with one of the support parties, the Maori Party.
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