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Edition: U.S. Article Comments (0) Video Follow Reuters Facebook Twitter RSS YouTube Read Seventeen dead in Norway bomb and gun attack | 4:48pm EDT New Mexico sheriff faces possible jail term over eBay sales 21 Jul 2011 Customers angry, staff defiant at China's fake Apple Store 11:07am EDT Explosion rocks central Oslo, Norway PM's office 9:47am EDT WRAPUP 4-Obama vows 'hard choices' on debt as Democrats fume 2:52pm EDT Discussed 199 Senate group offers $3.75 trillion deficit cuts 142 New plan offers hope for progress in debt talks 78 Debt showdown moving into crunch time Watched Korea's newest singing sensation Thu, Jul 21 2011 Blast rocks government buildings in Oslo, Norway Sat, Jul 23 2011 Pakistan Taliban releases video of mass execution Mon, Jul 18 2011 With space shuttle era over, U.S. robot set for Mars Tweet Share this Email Print Related News Mountain-hiking adventurer turns hand to new venture 11:20am EDT Alaska volcano shows signs of impending eruption 9:05am EDT 48 hours in London for bargain-hunters 6:44am EDT Most Americans still want U.S. dominance in space 5:39am EDT Katy Perry crushes Gaga in MTV music video noms Thu, Jul 21 2011 Analysis & Opinion Advice I would give my 25-year-old self Could the Murdochs be the saviours of journalism? Related Topics Science » Technology » Related Video New Mars rover to land in giant Gale crater 7:05pm EDT Space shuttle Atlantis (STS-135) is rolled over to the Obiter Processing Facility (OPF) shortly after landing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), completing its 13-day mission to the International Space Station (ISS) and the final flight of the Space Shuttle Program, in Cape Canaveral, Florida, July 21, 2011. Credit: Reuters/NASA/Bill Ingalls/Handout By Irene Klotz CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida | Fri Jul 22, 2011 4:25pm EDT CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida (Reuters) - NASA moved to a new chapter in space exploration on Friday, a day after the end of its shuttle program, by announcing details of plans to determine if Mars has or ever had the ingredients for life. Managers at the space agency said a robotic science laboratory, being prepared for a November 25 launch, will land in August 2012 near a mountain in a crater on the planet most like Earth in the solar system. The announcement came after the final curtain fell on NASA's 30-year-old space shuttle program with Thursday's landing of shuttle Atlantis at the Kennedy Space Center. A detailed blueprint of NASA's follow-on space exploration strategy is still pending and many Americans fear the demise of the shuttle program means the United States is relinquishing its leadership in space. But U.S. President Barack Obama has said the objective is to build new spaceships that can travel beyond the shuttle's near-Earth orbit and eventually send astronauts to asteroids, Mars and other destinations in deep space. "A lot of attention has been given to the event that concluded yesterday with the landing of the space shuttle, marking really the turning of the page to a new chapter in human exploration of space," said NASA chief scientist Waleed Abdalati. "Things change, things evolve, but what remains constant is the urge to explore, to reach out beyond where we are and understand our surroundings and our place in it," Abdalati said at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., where the landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory was announced. NASA plans to turn over its three space shuttles to museums and regroup for development of the new manned exploration program. This will be aimed at the inner solar system, which so far has only been explored by robots, albeit increasingly more capable ones. Among the most sophisticated probes in the offing is the plutonium-powered roving Mars Science Lab, nicknamed Curiosity, which is being prepared for launch in November. Twice as long and five times heavier than previous Mars rovers, Curiosity packs 10 science instruments, including two for on-site chemical analysis of pulverized rock. With it, scientists hope to learn if Mars has or ever had the organics necessary for life -- at least life as it appears on Earth. "STUNNING" ROCK MOUNTAIN Scientists spent five years mulling 60 possible landing sites before narrowing the list to four: Eberwalde Crater, Mawrth Vallis, Holden Crater and -- the winner -- Gale Crater, which sports a stunning three-mile-(5 km-)high mountain of rocks rising from the crater floor. That's about twice the height of the stack of rocks exposed in the Grand Canyon. Analysis from Mars-orbiting spacecraft shows the base of Gale Crater's mountain includes both clays and sulfate salts, the only site among the four finalists with both types of materials available. "Those are key classes of minerals that tell us about the environment on Mars and the interaction with water. Water is critical to habitability," said geologist Dawn Sumner, with the University of California at Davis. Scientists do not know how the mountain formed, but it may be the eroded remnant of sediment that once completely filled the crater. "If you start at the bottom and you go to the top, it's like reading a novel and we think that Gale Crater is going to be a great novel," said lead mission scientist John Grotzinger, with the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Though Curiosity's mission is scheduled to last two years, scientists hope the rover will live past its warranty. One of a pair of Mars rovers that arrived for concurrent three-month surveys in January 2004 is still working. Its twin succumbed to the harsh Martian environment only last year. They returned evidence that Mars was once far wetter and warmer than the dry, cold desert that exists today. "Gale Crater is interesting to explore because it crosses what we think is a major time boundary on Mars recorded in its mineral history," said Brown University geologist Jack Mustard. "That boundary marks a change from an early wet, hospitable environment that would have been suitable for life to a middle period where conditions may have become more hostile. We believe that at Gale Crater, we have located that boundary where life may have sprung up and where it may have been extinguished. That's why we're going there," he added. Kennedy Space Center is overseeing preparations for Curiosity's launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, which is adjacent to the space shuttle's now-dormant launch pads. (Editing by Tom Brown and Eric Walsh) Science Technology Tweet this Link this Share this Digg this Email Reprints We welcome comments that advance the story through relevant opinion, anecdotes, links and data. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. For more information on our comment policy, see http://blogs.reuters.com/fulldisclosure/2010/09/27/toward-a-more-thoughtful-conversation-on-stories/ Comments (0) Be the first to comment on reuters.com. Add yours using the box above. 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