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Edition: U.S. Article Comments (1) Email Print Reprints Pictures Full Focus: Borderline Tensions are simmering on the border between the United States and Mexico after Arizona passed a controversial law to try to drive nearly half a million illegal immigrants from the state and stem the flow of human and drug smugglers over the border from Mexico. Full Article Read Broncos receiver McKinley dies of apparent suicide 1:30am EDT Analysis: Swedish rout highlights European socialist crisis 20 Sep 2010 Analysis: Swedish government seeks way to exclude far-right 19 Sep 2010 Japan urges nationalism avoided in China sea row | Video 3:03am EDT Bristol Palin parodies mom on "Dancing with Stars" 1:30am EDT Shared U.S. Nuclear Weapons Have Been Compromised by Unidentified Aerial Objects PR Newswire 15 Sep 2010 Dementia costs hit $604 billion in 2010 12:33am EDT Yahoo Spreads its Wings with 'Chicken Coop' Data Center 20 Sep 2010 Recession ended in June 2009: NBER | Video 20 Sep 2010 Conoco reports flaring at Wilmington refinery -filing 20 Sep 2010 Watched Soros: Gold "not safe" Wed, Sep 15 2010 Lohan's warrant, Hilton's plea Mon, Sep 20 2010 The week ahead Fri, Sep 17 2010 NYSE and AMEX quotes delayed by at least 20 minutes. NASDAQ delayed by at least 15 minutes. For a complete list of exchanges and delays, please click here. Radical Islam challenges Central Asian leaders Tweet This Share on LinkedIn Share on Facebook Related News Tajikistan blames Islamist militants for ambush Mon, Sep 20 2010 Six men arrested in London during pope's visit Fri, Sep 17 2010 Fears rise over growing anti-Muslim feeling in U.S. Sun, Sep 12 2010 Obama says Koran burning can badly damage U.S. abroad Fri, Sep 10 2010 Kremlin talks tough after Caucasus attack Fri, Sep 10 2010 Analysis & Opinion The contours of an Afghan settlement Pakistan-India; a $5 million downpayment on a peace initiative Related Topics World » Indonesia » By Roman Kozhevnikov TURSUNZODA, Tajikistan | Mon Sep 20, 2010 11:43pm EDT TURSUNZODA, Tajikistan (Reuters) - Shoira Shatmanova says her 21-year-old son is embarrassed to be seen in public with her because she doesn't wear an Islamic headscarf. Born and raised when Tajikistan was part of the Soviet Union, she feels increasingly like an outsider in her own land. Her fear, like that of many in Tajikistan, is that a more radical interpretation of Islam in the Central Asian republic of 7.5 million people could prove fertile ground for homegrown militants filtering back across the border from Afghanistan. "I'm not in any way opposed to women wearing the hijab," said Shatmanova, a 53-year-old nurse. "I will only oppose it when these women and their husbands are against people like me -- and this is already happening." Chronic poverty and a Soviet-style crackdown on religion is furthering the growth of radical Islam in parts of Central Asia, a secular but mainly Muslim region wedged between Russia, Iran, Afghanistan and China. Security analysts say Central Asian militants who have fought with the Taliban in Afghanistan could attempt to exploit political turmoil and ethnic divisions to gain a foothold in the Ferghana valley, where three former Soviet republics intertwine. In Kyrgyzstan, the interim government has struggled to control its volatile south since assuming power after an April revolt. Nearly 400 people were killed in savage clashes in June. Authorities in Tajikistan, where the average monthly wage is only $80, are also on alert after the country's first suicide bombing in five years was followed by an ambush on Sunday that killed at least 23 troops en route to guard its porous borders. "Any subversive movement will feel tempted to check out how weak the regime is," Paul Quinn-Judge, the Bishkek-based Central Asia project director for the International Crisis Group, said. Tajikistan's response this year to a heightened threat of insurgency has been to jail more than 100 members of banned groups on charges of plotting to overthrowing the government. President Imomali Rakhmon has recently criticized the growing fashion among women to eschew national costume in favor of the hijab and urged parents to withdraw their children from religious schools abroad, saying they would become "terrorists." ENERGISED BY INSURGENCY Tajikistan's government said foreign Islamist militants, including mercenaries from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Chechnya, were responsible for the ambush in the Rasht valley and also blamed warlords with whom it fought a civil war in the 1990s. By focusing attention on his former civil war opponents, Rakhmon has ignored the roots of a new Islamist militancy, said Christopher Langton, an independent regional specialist. "Rakhmon, encouraged by his Russian advisers, is content to follow a Soviet approach, which is heavy-handed and unlikely to address the real reasons for growing militancy," said Langton. "The seeds are sown in the unemployed young who have grown up since the Tajik civil war and who see the way their parents have been repressed," he said. "These 'young' are energized by the ongoing insurgencies in Pakistan and Afghanistan." Orkhan Jemal, a Moscow-based politologist who has written about the region, says Tajikistan faces a dilemma: to ally with Russia, which helped Rakhmon win the civil war, or to appeal to U.S. and British fears of a spreading Islamist insurgency. "I have the feeling that Russia will not be involved in aiding Tajikistan in the same way it did in the 1990s," he said, citing the Kremlin's reluctance to send troops to Kyrgyzstan. "On the other hand, you have the United States and its coalition fighting in Afghanistan, who feel huge unease over the rapid Islamisation of yet another country in the region." One threat to the region would be the return of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), an al Qaeda-linked militant group whose exiled members have spent years fighting in Afghanistan. The IMU last month announced a new leader, Usman Adil, to replace Tahir Yuldashev, who was killed in August 2009 by a U.S. drone missile near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. "As long as they do not announce that they have shifted plans to focus on Central Asia, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan will be sideshows for them," said Quinn-Judge. "Should, however, the IMU switch its strategy and declare all-out war in Central Asia, we would have a totally new situation on our hands." SECULAR VS ANTI-RELIGIOUS Khoji Akbar Turajonzoda, once a deputy leader of the Tajik United Opposition that fought against the government, does not believe there will be another civil war in Tajikistan. But the former supreme mufti says many Muslims have grown disaffected. "No matter the problem, Islamists get the blame," he said. "This only makes heroes of those who bring no good." Turajonzoda told Reuters he would support a secular state in the style of Malaysia, Indonesia or India. "I am not a supporter of Islamisation. I'm a supporter of a secular, but not an anti-religious, Tajikistan. Unfortunately, people here equate 'secular' with 'anti-religious'." Wearing the hijab in schools and colleges is forbidden. Shatmanova, however, says she swaps her Western fashions for conservative dress when visiting her parents in a low-rise district of her home town Tursunzoda, 50 km (30 miles) west of Dushanbe. She says she pretended to observe the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan this year for fear of scorn from her work colleagues. "Many people have left the republic," she says. "Not only Russians, from whom we inherited many of our traditional ways, but secular Tajiks and Uzbeks, who have left in search of good jobs, decent education and a better life." Her eldest daughter is among them. "She left for Moscow five years ago. She married a Russian. I'm very glad she can wear what she likes. She's a free person." (Additional reporting by Robin Paxton and Dmitry Solovyov in Almaty and William Maclean in London; Writing by Robin Paxton; editing by Ralph Boulton) World Indonesia Comments See All Comments (1) | Post Comment Sep 21, 2010 12:28am EDT New York isn’t the only place fighting this insidious “religion”………. cynicalme Report As Abusive See All Comments (1) Add a Comment *We welcome comments that advance the story directly or with relevant tangential information. We try to block comments that use offensive language or appear to be spam and review comments frequently to ensure they meet our standards. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. © Copyright 2010 Thomson Reuters Editorial Editions: Africa Arabic Argentina Brazil Canada China France Germany India Italy Japan Latin America Mexico Russia Spain United Kingdom United States Reuters Contact Us Advertise With Us Help Journalism Handbook Archive Site Index Video Index Reader Feedback Mobile Newsletters RSS Podcasts Widgets Your View Analyst Research Thomson Reuters Copyright Disclaimer Privacy Professional Products Professional Products Support Financial Products About Thomson Reuters Careers Online Products Acquisitions Monthly Buyouts Venture Capital Journal International Financing Review Project Finance International PEhub.com PE Week FindLaw Reuters on Facebook Thomson Reuters is the world's largest international multimedia news agency, providing investing news, world news, business news, technology news, headline news, small business news, news alerts, personal finance, stock market, and mutual funds information available on Reuters.com, video, mobile, and interactive television platforms. Thomson Reuters journalists are subject to an Editorial Handbook which requires fair presentation and disclosure of relevant interests. NYSE and AMEX quotes delayed by at least 20 minutes. Nasdaq delayed by at least 15 minutes. For a complete list of exchanges and delays, please click here.

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