Home
U.S.
World
Entertainment
Sports
Business
Health
Science
Technology
Politics
Offbeat
Environment
Travel
Pentagon Worried As China Slows Export Of Rare Earth Metals
Use Article
Email
Facebook
Digg
Twitter
Buzz Up!
Share
September 13, 2010 1:53 p.m. EST
Topics: science and technology, metal and mineral, politics, economy, business and finance, international relations, diplomacy, business, geology, natural science, United States
Lawrence Mijares - AHN News Contributor
Washington, DC, United States (AHN) - More than 90 percent of the world’s rare earth metals produced in China are vital components in sophisticated U.S. military hardware, so Beijing's recent announcement of a dramatic reduction of exports of the metals has the Pentagon worried.
Rare earth metals such as gadolinium, cerium, europium and lanthanum are vital components widely used not only in many of today’s high-tech products such as hybrid vehicles, mobile telephones, wind turbines, computers, television sets, and energy-efficient lights, but also in sophisticated U.S. military equipment.
Since about 97 percent of the world’s rare earth metals are produced in China , its recent announcement of a 72 percent slowdown of the metals' export in the second half of this year has worried the Pentagon, which sees this as more of a strategic military move than a commercial one.
Experts say the economics of rare earth mining are difficult and challenging. Unlike ordinary mining where you simply extract the ore and sell to a market, in rare earth extraction miners have to first find a customer then produce the rare earth metal according to the client's specifications. Often, the customer takes part in the mining enterprise.
Though the Pentagon foresees a global shortfall of rare earth supply in 2012 at 50,000 tons from the current global reserve of 100,000 tons, other experts observe that an oversupply of “light” rare earth metals market is more likely to occur once certain mines in California and Australia become operational soon. It is rather in the “heavy” rare earth metal market that a shortage of supply is foreseen, particularly in its main metals such as terbium and dysprosium, which are used in high-strength magnets.
China has been initiating moves to reduce the number of rare earth mining companies from 90 to 20 by the year 2015 through their merger and acquisition by bigger firms, motivated by the belief that concentrating the industry into the hands of its giants would make the endeavor more organized, gradually distribute resources and raise international competitiveness.
On the flip side however, these mergers are seen as headed into serious difficulties, foremost of which is that lead mining companies who have been experiencing huge profits from the rise of rare earth metal prices are reluctant to enter into any form of restructuring through mergers and acquisitions.
Copyright © 2003 - 2010 AHN - All rights reserved.Redistribution, republication. syndication, rewriting or broadcast is prohibited without the prior written consent of AHN.License real time content for your website, business, digital signage network or publication.
[ Close ]
When publishing articles from AHN we require that you follow several simple rules and that you abide by our Terms and Conditions.
You are free:
To use and display the provided article text on a website or blog.
Under the following conditions:
You must display and attribute the article in the manner specified by AHN (but not in any way that suggests that we endorse you or your use of the work).
You may not remove ads, logos or tracking information from the article.
You may display the article on a website, but you may not use the article for any other commercial purposes.
You may not alter, rewrite, transform, or build upon the article.
You may only use provided the javascript code to request the article from our systems.
Copy and paste the following into your blog entry or the HTML on your page. It will automatically deliver the article as the page loads.
<< Return to script page
License
THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE ("LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE
LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.
BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. TO THE EXTENT THIS LICENSE
MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE A CONTRACT, THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND
CONDITIONS.
1. Definitions
"Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue, anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety in
unmodified form, along with one or more other contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are assembled into a
collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work (as defined below) for the purposes of this
License.
"Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation,
musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any
other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted, except that a work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a
Derivative Work for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical composition or sound recording, the
synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License.
"Licensor" means the individual, individuals, entity or entities that offers the Work under the terms of this License.
"Original Author" means the individual, individuals, entity or entities who created the Work.
"Work" means the copyrightable work of authorship offered under the terms of this License.
"You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this
License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite a previous
violation.
2. Fair Use Rights. Nothing in this license is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first
sale or other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner under copyright law or other applicable laws.
3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, non-exclusive,
revocable (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
to reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collective Works;
The above rights may be exercised on freely and openly accessible web media formats . The above rights include the right to make such
modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats, but otherwise you have no rights to make any alterations
or Derivative Works. All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved, including but not limited to the rights set forth in
Sections 4(d) and 4(e).
4. Restrictions.The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
You may publicly display the Work only under the terms of this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier
for, this License with every copy of the Work You publicly display. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that restrict the terms of this
License or the ability of a recipient of the Work to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License. You may not
sublicense the Work. You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. When You publicly display the
Work, You may not impose any technological measures on the Work that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You to exercise the rights
granted to that recipient under the terms of the License. This Section 4(a) applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does
not require the Collective Work apart from the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collective Work, upon
notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collective Work any credit as required by Section 4(c), as demanded.
You may not exercise any of the rights granted to You in Section 3 above in any manner that is primarily intended for or directed toward
commercial advantage or private monetary compensation. The exchange of the Work for other copyrighted works by means of digital file-sharing or
otherwise shall not be considered to be intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary compensation, provided there is no
payment of any monetary compensation in connection with the exchange of copyrighted works.
If You publicly display the Work (as defined in Section 1 above) or Collective Works (as defined in Section 1 above), You must, unless a
request has been made pursuant to Section 4(a), keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide, reasonable to the medium or means You are
utilizing: (i) the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable) if supplied, and/or (ii) if the Original Author and/or Licensor
designate another party or parties (e.g. a sponsor institute, publishing entity, journal) for attribution ("Attribution Parties") in Licensor's
copyright notice, terms of service or by other reasonable means, the name of such party or parties; the title of the Work if supplied; to the extent
reasonably practicable, the Uniform Resource Identifier, if any, that Licensor specifies to be associated with the Work, unless such URI does not
refer to the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work. The credit required by this Section 4(c) may be implemented in any reasonable
manner; provided, however, that in the case of a Collective Work, at a minimum such credit will appear, if a credit for all contributing authors of
the Collective Work appears, then as part of these credits and in a manner at least as prominent as the credits for the other contributing authors.
For the avoidance of doubt, You may only use the credit required by this clause for the purpose of attribution in the manner set out above and, by
exercising Your rights under this License, You may not implicitly or explicitly assert or imply any connection with, sponsorship or endorsement by
the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution Parties, as appropriate, of You or Your use of the Work, without the separate, express prior written
permission of the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution Parties.
5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer
UNLESS OTHERWISE MUTUALLY AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS-IS AND ONLY TO THE EXTENT OF ANY
RIGHTS HELD IN THE LICENSED WORK BY THE LICENSOR. THE LICENSOR MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE WORK, EXPRESS,
IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MARKETABILITY, MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. SOME
JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
6. Limitation on Liability.
EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY
LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE WORK, EVEN IF
LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
7. Termination
This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this License. Individuals
or entities who have received Collective Works (as defined in Section 1 above) from You under this License, however, will not have their licenses
terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any
termination of this License.
Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright in the Work).
Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the right to release the Work under different license terms or to stop distributing the Work at any
time; provided, however that any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or any other license that has been, or is required to be,
granted under the terms of this License), and this License will continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above.
8. Miscellaneous
Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform the Work (as defined in Section 1 above) or a Collective Work (as defined in Section
1 above), the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this
License.
If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the
remainder of the terms of this License, and without further action by the parties to this agreement, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum
extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and
signed by the party to be charged with such waiver or consent.
This License constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no understandings,
agreements or representations with respect to the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any additional provisions that may appear
in any communication from You. This License may not be modified without the mutual written agreement of the Licensor and You.
There are no third-party beneficiaries to this Licesnse.
You waive any right to jury trial in connection with any action or litigation in any way arising out of or related to this License. You
agree to pay all reasonable attorney fees and other costs incurred by Your breach of this license.
This agreement will be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of
the State of Florida without regard to its conflicts of law provisions. You agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of the state and
federal courts located in Palm Beach County in the State of Florida, and any cause of action which arise from use of this web site or from
interpretation of these terms and conditions must be filed in the state and federal courts located in Palm Beach County, State of Florida. If
any provision of this agreement shall be unlawful, void, or for any reason unenforceable, then that provision shall be deemed severable from this
agreement and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. Any remaining provisions shall be given effect to
the fullest extent possible.
Need more news? visit FeedSyndicate for all of your content needs
This is a BETA service and subject to change or cancellation.
Most Popular Stories
Police, Reporters Far Outnumber Protesters In Front Of Controversial Church
Hurricane Igor, Tropical Storm Julia Stirring Up Atlantic
Never Before Seen Nude Photos Of Kim Kardashian Leaked
Australian "Smokes" Koran, Bible
Forbes Predicts Mukesh Ambani As Richest Man On Earth By 2014
Polo Ralph Lauren Holds Successful Fashion's Night Out Events
Cyanide Suspected In Lab Technician's Death
Man Goes To Grab Wallet, Instead Grabs Pistol And Shoots Himself
Lady Gaga Dominates MTV VMAs With 8 Wins
Study: Number Of Childhood Basketball-Related Brain Injuries Spike
Recent Posts
Most Popular Comments
Recent Comments
Popular Threads
Home | U.S. | World | Entertainment | Sports | Business | Health | Sci / Tech | Politics | Weird / Offbeat
Follow AHN on Twitter
AHN Social News connects you with friends and the news
Client Login | Submit News | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Contact | Content Services © 2010 AHN All Rights Reserved
Other News on Tuesday, 14 September 2010 IAEA chief 'regrets' Iran's ban on inspectors
Afghans say ready to secure parliamentary poll
|
US post in Afghan hamlet a 'bullet magnet'
'Time bomb' superbug requires global response: doctor
Greece fears renewed fuel shortages as truckers halt work
Cuba to eliminate state jobs and spur private sector
|
Turkish vote boosts PM's re-election chances
OECD sees economic expansion losing steam
Police patrol Guinea capital after street battles
|
NATO: Airstrikes kill 14 insurgents in Afghanistan
Iran Koran protesters scuffle with police
|
Fourteen killed in India Kashmir and Koran protests
Planned Haiti hotel would be biggest of its kind since quake
|
Thirteen dead in Kashmir, Christian school torched
Philippine authorities uncertain on bus hostage deaths
Hollywood hunk Hugh Jackman takes Aussie love story global
Thirteen killed in Kashmir protests
Hurricane Igor gets stronger, storm Julia follows
Indonesian police probe knife assault on Christians
China Southern Airlines hit by safety incidents
Japan frees China boat crew and calls for gas talks
China-Japan row boils despite crew release
Jihadists 'planned maximum casualties' at Aus base
Capitol Building Evacuated After Powdery Substance Discovered
US-ENTERTAINMENT Summary
New Wildfire Erupts in Colorado
Starbucks Instant Coffee Sticks Hit $100 Million Sales In 10 Months
"Casino Jack" shines light on disgraced Abramoff
Italy delays decision on EU-South Korea pact veto
U.S. First Lady Helps Launch School Recipe Contest
Oprah Winfrey shocks audience with free trip
Pentagon Worried As China Slows Export Of Rare Earth Metals
Vatican library to re-open after massive restoration
Angle, Reed Virtually Tied In Nevada Senate Race
Stanley Tucci finds fatherhood not so simple in "Easy A"
US 'domestic compulsions' holding up Doha deal: India
HP To Acquire ArcSight For $1.5 Billion
Hurricane Igor, Tropical Storm Julia Stirring Up Atlantic
Hollywood hunk Hugh Jackman takes Aussie love story global
Senate Begins Impeachment Hearings Against Judge
What Marie-Antoinette would look like with plastic surgery
China's Wen says trade surplus not intentional
Bob Marley family loses case over hit records
Logging threat to Europe's last primeval forest
Oprah Winfrey shocks audience with free trip
|
Joaquin Phoenix to make Letterman TV show encore
|
Bob Marley family loses case over hit records
|
Stanley Tucci finds fatherhood not so simple in Easy A
|
Casino Jack shines light on disgraced Abramoff
|
Boyle, Franco challenged in survival film 127 Hours
|
Iran's Khamenei urges US to punish Koran defilers
Nine alleged ETA collaborators arrested in Spain
Japan PM wins party vote but faces more challenges
|
AppNation rises in booming world of smartphone programs
Settlements row to dominate U.S.-led Mideast talks
|
Settlements row to dominate U.S.-led Mideast talks
Miracle as 36 survive Venezuelan plane crash
French lawmakers in final vote on veil ban
US-TECH Summary
North Korea succession meeting could start soon
|
Clinton: both sides must move on Jewish settlements
US plans massive arms sale to Saudi to counter Iran threat
Cuba announces mass layoffs in bid to spur private sector
|
Hunger costing poor nations $450 bln a year: NGO
Iran Koran protesters scuffle with police
U.S. Ad Spending Hits $63 Billion In First Half Of 2010
Houghton Mifflin creates fund for digital learning
Afghans say ready to secure parliamentary poll
|
Le Monde cries foul as France probes L'Oreal leak
"Prince Of Persia" Coming To DVD, Blu-Ray September 14
India deploys more police to Kashmir after protests
|
U.N. nuclear body and Iran clash over barred inspectors
French Roma round-up draws more flak
Microsoft Halo aims to reignite video game market
U.S. Developing $60 Billion Arms Deal With Saudi Arabia
Venezuelan plane crash kills 15, more survive
|
Americans spending more time with news: Pew survey
Third Season Of ABCs Private Practice Hits DVD
Mexico arrest deals another blow to cartels
|
Iran clerics vow death for Koran-defilers
Blake Lively Wears Twenty8Twelve On "Gossip Girl"
eBay defeats Tiffany in counterfeit jewelry suit
Sex-trade traffickers exploit Canadian visa rules
|
Microsoft condemns use of anti-piracy laws to stifle dissent
TLC To Debut New Series Auctioneer$
Get Him To The Greek Bar Parties In New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Boston And San Francisco
HP to buy ArcSight in 1.5-billion-dollar deal
Forget the Eiffel Tower, France tells Hollywood
Disney's "The Black Cauldron" Celebrates 25th Anniversary With Special Edition DVD
U.S. Stocks Gain Amid Upbeat Chinese Economy, New Bank Rules
YouTube tests new live streaming video platform
Student Loan Rates Up As Graduates Continue Defaulting
Clinton in Egypt for Mideast peace talks
Japan PM Kan survives leadership challenge
Apple's iPad to go on sale in China on Friday
Australia pays millions for Sydney 'Oprah' House
Tony Blair awarded US Liberty Medal for peace work
Strict curfew in Indian Kashmir after bloodshed
Accused airline bomber Abdulmutallab fires lawyers
US will not pay bail for jailed hiker: State Department
Microsoft Halo aims to reignite video game market
|
Australia forks out millions for Sydney 'Oprah' House
US rockets kill 7 militants in Pakistan: officials
Vietnam publisher struggles to issue Western classics
Schwarzenegger rides Japan's newest bullet train
eBay defeats Tiffany in counterfeit jewelry suit
|
Forget the Eiffel Tower, France tells Hollywood
Key N.Korea party meeting draws near: state media
Thailand apologises after tsunami false alarm
Houghton Mifflin creates fund for digital learning
|
Cyprus clinic at centre of human egg trafficking probe
Australian PM sworn in at helm of shaky coalition
Aussie marathon man to run from North to South poles
Shark victims unite to save their attackers
N.Zealand plane makes Antarctic mercy dash
'Resident Evil' snatches box office lead
Actress Carey Mulligan says schmoozing isn't her scene
"Halo: Reach" videogame invasion begins
China's Geely unveils ambitious plans for Volvo
S.Korea to ease restriction on N.Korea factory
South Korea's Kia halts exports to Iran
Seoul shares turn flat after gains; Hyundai Motor up
South Korean shares open higher, led by techs
WRAPUP 1-NZ retail sales fall in July; rates seen on hold
Dollar trades at new 15-year low vs Japanese yen
Lady Gaga says she's not a piece of meat
|
Clint Eastwood surprises again with Hereafter
|
Dollar at new 15-year low vs yen
Dollar at new low vs yen in early Tokyo trade
German investor confidence sinks in September
Iranian leader faces criticism from inside and outside
|
U.N. sees global hunger easing in 2010
|
Italy seizes $1.9 billion of assets as Mafia goes green
|
Spare police in spending cuts, UK officer urges
|
EU threatens action against France over Roma
|
Australia's NAB terminates $12.4 bln AXA bid
Ugandan army dismisses U.N. accusations of Congo crimes
|
Belgian Church fears apologizing for abuse -bishop
|
China hits back at Japan in boat row
Czechs stop Google's Street View data collection
North Korea "succession" meeting could start soon
LG Elec unveils new smartphone, eyes 10 million unit sale
Nokia unveils three new smartphones
Nail torture case shines light on Asia's migrant maids
Disease risk eases in parts of flooded Pakistan
Protesters battle with police in Kashmir
US-TECH Summary
China demands Japan free boat captain immediately
Nokia hits back with new phones amid turmoil at top
|
Malaysia accused may be serial killers: police
LG Elec unveils new smartphone, eyes 10 million unit sale
India hopes for resolution of BlackBerry issue
|
Czechs stop Google's Street View data collection
|
Nokia unveils three new smartphones
Japan PM wins party vote but faces more challenges
LG Elec unveils new smartphone, eyes 10 million unit sale
|
Instant view-Kan wins Japan ruling party leadership vote
Microsoft Halo aims to reignite video game market
|
China accuses Japan of provocation in maritime row
Penelope Cruz and Javier Bardem expecting baby
An "It Girl" emerges at Toronto Film Festival
Bill Maher says atheism stands in way of an Emmy
"Capote" actor a reluctant star in directing debut
Asian film centre-stage at first Vietnam film fest
India inflation at seven-month low
Pakistani stocks end higher; rupee flat; o/n rates down
S.Korean banking group suspends CEO
Penelope Cruz and Javier Bardem expecting baby
|
Oprah trip Down Under surprises Australians
Yen soars as most Asian markets advance
Singer George Michael jailed for drug-drive offence
|
Lady Gaga says she's not a piece of meat
|
Gates, Buffett says no pressure on China super-rich
Bill Maher says atheism stands in way of an Emmy
|
India scraps approval for Lafarge cement project
Lady Gaga the big winner at MTV music awards
|
Seoul shares shed 0.2 pct; retailers fall
An It Girl emerges at Toronto Film Festival
|
Capote actor a reluctant star in directing debut
|
The cost of reunifying Korea? about $3 trillion
Toyota to launch six new hybrids by end of 2012
Greece at new risk of being pushed off euro
Bodies of missing Tenn. mom, Jo Ann Bain, and daughter found
Female Breasts Are Bigger Than Ever
AMD Trinity Accelerated Processing Units Now in Volume Production
The Avengers (2012 film), made the second biggest opening- and single-day gross of all-time
AMD to Start Production of piledriver
Ivy Bridge Quad-Core, Four-Thread Desktop CPUs
Islamists Protest Lady Gaga's Concert in Indonesia
Japan Successfully Broadcasts an 8K Signal Over the Air
ECB boosts loans to 1 trillion Euro to stop credit crunch
Egypt : Mohammed Morsi won with 52 percent
What do you call 100,000 Frenchmen with their hands up
AMD Launches AMD Embedded R-Series APU Platform
Fed Should not Ignore Emerging Market Crisis
Fed casts shadow over India, emerging markets
Why are Chinese tourists so rude? A few insights