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Hot News In 2009 Brings Confusion
June 5, 2009 7:16 p.m. EST
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Melvin Baker - AHN Reporter
St. Petersburg, FL (AHN) - The concept of breaking news has been demolished by technology, and the definition of news itself may have to be re-imagined, contend two veteran news professionals here, and they aren't alone in thinking that.
AHN Media interviewed Dr. Robert Dardenne, director of the journalism department at the University of South Florida St. Petersburg and Keith Woods, dean of faculty at the Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a school for working journalists, to get their views on the future of news.
But many people, and organizations, are adding to the dialogue on news and as changes and talk of changes continue, there is a lot of confusion.
In the era when newspapers were the dominant force in producing news, breaking news occurred at the end of a news cycle just as the presses began to roll, Dardenne noted. Breaking news acquired that moniker "solely because it happened right at that time. If it happened in the morning, it could end up inside [the paper] somewhere, because you have all day for it to sink in."
"A lot of breaking news was determined to be breaking because it broke at a particular time," he added. "Nowadays, you've got a 24-hour news cycle; breaking news is anytime an organization puts something up. So, anytime a TV interrupts, it's breaking news. Anytime a web site changes its news according to something that's happened, it's breaking news.
News cycles used to be predictable. They started and ended at the same time every day, Woods told AHN. "It was beginning at a certain hour with the gathering of news and ending at a very specific time with either the publication of that news or the broadcast, and then another cycle began right after that."
While breaking news in traditional terms was tied to an event that occurred in the immediate past, it didn't have to be. Dardenne noted that editors of early American newspapers would run as news stories letters from ship captains describing events from several months before. To readers, that would be breaking news.
"It would best now to regard the cycle as a series of cycles, rather than a single one," Woods said. "It is a true 24-hour non-stop seven days a week phenomenon in which the cycle begins at the moment the news breaks and ends at the moment you report the headline and it begins again immediately after that."
"You can't get to depth and context and investigative information," Woods continued, "but you can provide people with immediate information and that part of the cycle is obliterated, at least the traditional cycle."
The idea of a news cycle, and with it the concept of breaking news as an unexpected twist in that cycle, is a "conceit of journalism" dictated by advertisers and the immobility of press runs and broadcast times, he added. "Well, now that that's gone what's also gone is any sense that we've had of structure around us, traditionally anyway. And that will have to reinvent itself. In a sense, when are you done?"
Technology has multiplied the number and types of ways the public can access news. Because of that, Woods said, news consumers must be re-educated about what they are getting. Traditional ways of gathering and disseminating news had their flaws, he noted. Getting news from a Twitter tweet or e-mailed to your PDA has done nothing to minimize those flaws. "It's all those problems on steroids," he said. Consequently, "the public needs to understand that the information that they are getting in a breaking news story from a reliable news source is still incomplete information."
"Today, the real need in the public sphere is for a public that is informed about what it's getting so it can make sense of that news," Woods contended.
With so many ways now to receive - and send -- information, the idea of "hot" or "breaking" news has become somewhat devalued, said Dardenne, the journalism professor. Now anyone with a computer screen can write about what happens to them on a daily basis.
Imagine a map covered with blinking lights, Dardenne suggested. Each blink represents a news story posted by someone. Send a Twitter posting about your breakfast of cereal and a light blinks on. Post a story about a lion escaping from the zoo and a light appears. Click on one of the lights and the story can be read.
"If it's a report by a citizen, it's all breaking news. There is no news now - it's all breaking news. So maybe we need another term. Not breaking news but major news or significant news," noted Dardenne.
With so much stuff out there, he believes the idea of news might have to be redefined as a "strong credible believable source of information that is defined as what people need." Perhaps, he added, the definition of who is a reporter might also have to be rewritten.
Yet Woods is optimistic that out of this "cacophony" of seemingly endless information, good can come as the news-seeking public finds reliable news sources. "The big change will be that I have many, many, many more sources to call upon than I did when I was simply reading one newspaper and watching the news or listening to the news on the radio, and that guarantees me a fair amount of buffering against the blast of often mindless information that comes at me."
"But to understand that story and know what forces came together to cause that story to happen, it's still going to take reporting and the various forms of our media now will provide various forms of that reporting over the course of another kind of a cycle.
However, there is a dispute going on over reporting and technology is being used in the midst of that dispute.
Controversy and confusion have erupted over plans by the Associated Press to use what is being described as a Web scraper-bot.
Jason Lee Miller writing for WebPro News on Wednesday said that AP had announced plans to use new technology to find Web pages using entire AP articles and then turn it over to their lawyers for possible action.
Although lifting the content of entire articles, or paragraphs or sentences and republishing them verbatim is clearly plagerism, less clear-cut is what constitutes fair-use and whether a news organization can claim to own the facts of a story on the basis of a claim based in a little-known law called the doctrine of hot news dating back to World War I.
At issue is whether or not the AP can claim it owns the facts to a news story if it was the first news agency to report on it.
No one would argue that the AP owns the facts reported in an enterprise story. But it becomes less clear cut if the story has to do with things such as an earthquake, the president - or other elected official - or a high profile tragedy. With people blogging and twittering, along with news reporters filing stories, is it possible for one news agency to own the facts on a breaking news story? That was the subject of a story by ars technica.
In a story updated on Friday, ars technica wrote an article asking who owns the news, in reference to the AP threatening to take bloggers to court over violating an obscure 1918 court ruling on what is called the hot news doctrine.
Although it is no longer binding federal law, hot news is still on the books in New York state, which is where AP is headquartered.
As ars technica noted, the situation isn't all that clear cut.
"But news is broken everywhere today; small niche blogs are better at bringing technical stories to light than are groups like the AP, and groups like the AP and Reuters consistently write up stories even when they are scooped by a rival (look for clues like, "According to the Wall Street Journal..." in news stories)."
To add even more confusion to the situation, the AP is now also focusing on fair syndication rights, however, a consortium of news agencies is also doing the same thing. And the aim of both the AP and the consortium is "negotiating with the networks that serve ads against pirated content to negotiate a substantial share of that revenue," according to an article Friday by Zachary M. Seward posted on NiemanJournalismLab.
AHN editor Linda Young contributed to this report.
Copyright © 2003 - 2009 AHN - All rights reserved.Redistribution, republication. syndication, rewriting or broadcast is prohibited without the prior written consent of AHN.License AHN news for your website, business, digital signage network or publication.
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