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Turkish government pushes reforms towards referendum
Pinar Aydinli
ANKARA
Fri May 7, 2010 10:24am EDT
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PRESS DIGEST - Turkey - May 5
Wed, May 5 2010
Members of parliament from the ruling Justice and Development Party and the main opposition Republican People's Party scuffle during a debate at a parliamentary session in Ankara, May 5, 2010. The Turkish parliament was debating changes to the constitution.
Credit: Reuters/Stringer
ANKARA (Reuters) - Turkey's ruling AK Party won parliamentary backing for constitutional reforms on Friday, clearing the way for a referendum secularist critics aim to block as a threat to the Muslim country's secular order.
World | Turkey
Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan says the reforms, overhauling the judiciary and making the army answerable to civilian courts, simply meet European Union entry demands. Political enemies see a furtive attempt to seize control of all levers of state.
Presaging turbulence ahead, a senior judge warned the government against reforms which critics say will prevent the judiciary from providing checks and balances.
"We have always emphasized the importance of separation of powers and the independence of judiciary principles for the society. Today, we repeat its importance," Hasan Gerceker, chairman of the Supreme Court of Appeals, told reporters.
The bill, which changes a charter drafted after a 1980 army coup, passes to President Abdullah Gul for signature. Lacking the two-thirds majority to give it automatic effect, it must then go to a referendum the government wants to hold in July.
The main opposition party has said it will appeal to the Constitutional Court to block any referendum.
"Given the court's track record, there is a significant chance that it will cancel the changes and halt the referendum process, which would raise the risk of early elections," analysts at Finansbank wrote in a note.
The secular-minded Constitutional Court has struck down several key AK reforms in the past.
Such a scenario could lead to institutional paralysis, which could force Erdogan, whose electoral mandate runs into mid-2011, to call a snap election at a time investors are already jittery due to global risk aversion on fears about Europe's debt crisis.
Prospects for Erdogan's AK Party winning a third term in office are unclear, but markets would certainly be wary of any return to the fragmented, warring coalitions of the 1990s.
"Peace and tranquillity will not be the words to characterize Turkish politics in the months to come," Ilter Turan, a professor of political science at Ankara's Bilgi University, wrote in a recent analysis for the German Marshall Fund of the United States, a Washington-based think tank.
PARTY BANS
The country's chief prosecutor, who previously tried to close down the AK Party, has said the reforms are undemocratic, mirroring critics' accusations that Erdogan seeks to undermine the independence of the judiciary and install supporters in top judicial and civil service posts.
There has been speculation he could launch a fresh attempt to ban the party which, with a large parliamentary majority, embraces center-right and nationalist elements as well as a core of religious conservatives.
Erdogan himself once served a prison sentence for Islamic subversion, but denies he has any Islamist ambitions in government.
The government had tried to include an amendment making it harder to ban political parties, but the article failed to get sufficient votes to be retained in the reform package that will go to a referendum.
Turkey has changed radically since the 1970s, when its economy was heavily state controlled and its politics bitterly fragmented and often violent. The AK Party, since taking power in 2002, has pressed on economic reforms and curbed the power of the military, which has removed four governments since 1960.
In doing so, it has so far drawn support among the middle classes and business.
(Writing by Ibon Villelabeitia; editing by Ralph Boulton)
World
Turkey
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