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Edition: U.S. Article Slideshow Save Email Print Reprints Most Popular Most Shared Obama backers show signs of disappointment 1:04am EDT UPDATE 1-New US $100 note aims to deter counterfeiters 2:39pm EDT Paulson reassures on Goldman role | Video 11:01am EDT GM firmly on road to viability: Treasury 1:59pm EDT Senate panel OKs bank swap ban in overhaul effort 3:38pm EDT RPT-Ex-Goldman employee surfaces in SEC complaint 8:01am EDT Workers missing after blast, fire hit oil rig 3:32pm EDT Arizona passes tough illegal immigration law 19 Apr 2010 European skies open but airline schedules scrambled | Video 11:25am EDT Apple seeks return of lost iPhone prototype 20 Apr 2010 Obama backers show signs of disappointment 1:04am EDT Everest "death zone" set for a spring clean up 19 Apr 2010 Drug could stop spinal injuries, researchers say 3:31pm EDT Democrats haunted by corporate ties 9:33am EDT Obama: No abortion litmus test for high court pick 2:00pm EDT GM firmly on road to viability: Treasury 1:59pm EDT Chrysler posts $4 billion of losses since bankruptcy 9:18am EDT Third of U.S. teens with phones text 100 times a day 20 Apr 2010 Added sugar increases heart risks: study 20 Apr 2010 Diabetes drug tied to reduced breast cancer risk 1:14pm EDT Pictures Editor's choice A selection of our best photos from the past 24 hours. Slideshow 50 years on, Brazil's utopian capital faces reality Ana Nicolaci da Costa BRASILIA Wed Apr 21, 2010 1:53pm EDT Related News Can Seoul become the world's most attractive city? 10:17am EDT BRICs take baby steps toward greater global clout Fri, Apr 16 2010 UPDATE 2-China, Brazil sign deals at shortened BRIC summit Thu, Apr 15 2010 Brazil Amazon dam creates headache for Lula Thu, Apr 15 2010 Brazil opposition parties endorse Serra candidacy Sat, Apr 10 2010 < 1 / 16 > View Full Size BRASILIA (Reuters) - The dream was big. In just a few years, Brazil would build a modern capital in the middle of a savanna, an experiment in egalitarianism that would also shift power toward the center of the vast country. World | Brazil As Brasilia turned 50 years old on Wednesday, vestiges of that dream live on in Oscar Niemeyer's soaring architecture, the uniform residential apartment blocks, and the plane-like city shape that legend has it was meant to signal the Latin American giant's take-off. While its sterile atmosphere is not for everyone, some are drawn here by its relatively traffic-free streets, its large open spaces and a feeling of security compared to other big Brazilian cities such as former capital Rio de Janeiro and its business capital, Sao Paulo. Brasilia's economy has grown briskly in recent years, spurring a new class of rich whose members face a daily battle to keep the city's iconic red earth off their designer clothes. But hopes that the modern capital would engender a new Brazil have largely fallen by the wayside as development has brought with it the plagues of other Brazilian and Latin American cities: overpopulation, inequality, violence and corruption. "The development was very unequal. The plan for Brasilia did not foresee such uncontrolled demographic growth," said 35-year-old waiter Raimundo Nonato who lives in Arapoanga, one of the many poor neighborhoods on Brasilia's outskirts. A real estate boom priced many poorer residents out of central areas and drove the expansion of satellite cities populated by many of those who work for the capital's wealthy civil servants. The city, home to about 2.5 million people, was judged to be among the world's most unequal by the United Nations' housing agency. Niemeyer, a famous architect and communist, said he is disappointed at the huge wealth gaps that now scar the capital, home to his soaring cathedral and twin dome Congress building. Arapoanga, about 50 minutes drive from the center and a world away from the gated homes of politicians and civil servants, suffers from violence, precarious infrastructure and a lack of sanitation. Mud from dirt roads ruins the paved streets during the rainy season and ditches meant for sewage are clogged with trash. Plans to pave more roads and build a sewage system were put on hold this year after the state governor was jailed for corruption charges, residents said, the latest in a long line of graft scandals that Brasilia has seen over the years. "God only knows when we will have sewage," said 54-year-old Terezinha de Jesus Santos, pointing to the debris. PIONEERING DREAMS Brasilia's modern problems hardly diminish the audacious political and construction feat of building a capital city from scratch in less than four years, something that will be the focus of celebrations this week. President Juscelino Kubitschek, riding a period of rampant growth, industrial development and national confidence in Brazil, succeeded in his goal of shifting the center of power from the traditional elite in Rio. An army of workers and thousands of trucks worked at a furious pace, removing millions of tons of red earth as the city rose from the middle of Brazil's empty central plateau. "He was a magnet of optimism and a generator of self-confidence," said civil engineer Luiz Carlos Botelho Ferreira, whose father was transferred to Brasilia to work at Novacap, the company created to build the city. Roads such as the one built from Brasilia to the city of Belem at the mouth of the Amazon river connected what at the time was little more than farmland to the rest of the country. Poor workers seeking money and a better life, known as "candangos," briefly found a new land of opportunity. But hopes that the construction of Brasilia would be a source of development for the center of the country have only been partially met. Gross domestic product in the federal district jumped around 25 percent in the five years to 2007, but it only represented 3.8 percent of the economy that year in contrast to 11.2 percent for Rio state and 33.9 percent for Sao Paulo, government data show. The central-west region around Brasilia only made up 8.9 percent of GDP in 2007. "I have no doubt that Brasilia really is an enclave in the central west with little multiplying effect for the region," said Carlos Alberto Ramos, an economics professor at the University of Brasilia. "You have an economy with high income -- one of the highest in the country. So it generates a lot of demand for sophisticated products (from the south)," he added. The city's construction is said to have costs billions of dollars, although Brasilia public archive officials say the cost is unknown and impossible to calculate. Critics say Brasilia was a Pharaonic dream that hurt the country's public coffers and undermined Rio, which has struggled to reinvent itself ever since the capital moved. Either way, Brasilia is evidence of the power of political will. Out of the savanna grew a city that is now beginning to develop its own culture and is home to some of Brazil's most famous rock bands. If politicians today adopt that same will to solve Brazil's social problems, some hope it could yet become the nation that Brasilia's construction was meant to represent "Brasilia doesn't have a future on its own," senator and ex-federal district governor Cristovam Buarque told Reuters. "Brasilia will only improve if Brazil improves." (Additional Reporting by Maria Carolina Marcello) (Editing by Stuart Grudgings and Kieran Murray) World Brazil More from Reuters European skies open but airline schedules scrambled FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Europe's skies were open for business on Wednesday but, with so many planes having been grounded by the volcanic ash from Iceland, it could take days or even weeks to clear the backlog. | Video Greek debt costs soar at start of EU/IMF talks Iran denounces U.S. "nuclear threats," to hold drill 50 years on, Brazil's utopian capital faces reality Police battle Bosnians protesting IMF-imposed cuts | Video Pope promises "action" on sexual abuse crisis » More Top News Goldman's fearsome litigator Richard Klapper is no pushover. Over his 30-year career, he has repeatedly -- and successfully -- represented the interests of big banks. Full Article France mulls Goldman probe Video: Comparing other similar cases Felix Salmon: The Paulson letter Ex-Goldman trader appears in complaint Goldman Sachs Drawing the battle lines It's the Democrats versus Wall Street and Republicans against Big Government in the run-up to the midterm elections. Which stance will resonate with voters? Full Article Democrats haunted by Wall Street ties Are Obama backers disappointed? Financial reform and GOP's dilemma Politics © Copyright 2010 Thomson Reuters Editorial Editions: Africa Arabic Argentina Brazil Canada China France Germany India Italy Japan Latin America Mexico Russia Spain United Kingdom United States Reuters Contact Us Advertise With Us Help Journalism Handbook Archive Site Index Video Index Analyst Research Mobile Newsletters RSS Podcasts Widgets Your View Labs Thomson Reuters Copyright Disclaimer Privacy Professional Products Professional Products Support Financial Products About Thomson Reuters Careers Online Products Acquisitions Monthly Buyouts Venture Capital Journal International Financing Review Project Finance International PEhub.com PE Week Thomson Reuters is the world's largest international multimedia news agency, providing investing news, world news, business news, technology news, headline news, small business news, news alerts, personal finance, stock market, and mutual funds information available on Reuters.com, video, mobile, and interactive television platforms. Thomson Reuters journalists are subject to an Editorial Handbook which requires fair presentation and disclosure of relevant interests. NYSE and AMEX quotes delayed by at least 20 minutes. Nasdaq delayed by at least 15 minutes. For a complete list of exchanges and delays, please click here.

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